What is Merge Sort?
Merge Sort is a popular sorting algorithm that utilizes the divide and conquer strategy. It takes an array and divides it into two sub-arrays, each of which is sorted recursively. These two sorted arrays are then merged to produce a single sorted array.
How Does Merge Sort Work?
The algorithm starts with an unsorted array which is then divided into two halves. This is done recursively until each sub-array contains only one element. Then, the merging process commences. Two sub-arrays are compared and their elements are sorted in a sorted array. This process continues until there is one sorted array containing all the elements.
The Complexity of Merge Sort
Merge sort is a stable algorithm, which means that it does not change the relative order of elements with equal values. It is also efficient in terms of time complexity. The worst-case time complexity of merge sort is O(nlogn), which is better than other popular sorting algorithms such as QuickSort and HeapSort. The space complexity of the algorithm is O(n), which is the amount of memory required to store the array.
Overall, Merge Sort is an efficient algorithm that can sort large arrays in a reasonable amount of time. Its stability and ability to handle any data type make it a popular choice among developers.
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